心动过速:心跳加快
心脏的正常跳动速率是每分钟60-100次. 心动过速是指心跳过快, 每分钟心跳超过100次, 休息时. 这取决于年龄、健康状况和身体状况. 了解心动过速的类型:
心电图条显示心跳正常
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)/ Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (合并)
室速也被称为房性心动过速. 这是一个快速的心率, 心跳每分钟超过100次, 哪个是从心房开始的, 上腔:心脏的上腔. The electrical signals occur abnormally and speed up the heart rate. The rapidly beating heart prevents the heart chambers from filling completely between contractions (beats), 这可能会影响血液流向身体.
SVT is the most common heart 心律失常 in infants and children. Paroxysmal SVT means that the abnormality may come and go over minutes or days.
SVT/合并的危险因素
- 焦虑和压力
- 中年人和老年人
- 女性多于男性
- 儿童(室性心动过速是儿童最常见的心律失常)
对一些人来说, SVT/合并由运动触发, 压力或睡眠不足, 而其他人根本没有注意到任何事情.
可能导致SVT发作的因素包括:
- 年龄
- 贫血
- 心脏病
- 脱水
- 冠状动脉疾病; having had cardiac surgery or other heart problems
- 先天性心脏病
- 其他心脏疾病，如 Wolff-Parkinson-White综合症
- 慢性肺病
- 咖啡因摄入过多
- 过量饮酒
- Smoking or other tobacco products, drug misuse, including cocaine and methamphetamines.
- 怀孕
- 更年期
- 高血压
- Certain over-the-counter medications, including those for asthma, colds and allergies.
SVT/合并症状
- 非常快的心跳，可以来来回回
- 心悸(心悸)
- 脖子上有脉搏跳动的感觉
- 虚弱或感到很累(疲劳)
- 胸部不适
- 呼吸急促（气促）
- 头晕或晕眩
- 出汗
- 晕倒(晕厥)或接近昏厥
- 恶心想吐
如何诊断SVT/合并
SVT
After giving a detailed medical history (including asking about potential causes) and a list of symptoms to a health care professional, 病人会被建议服用 心电图 (心电图或心电图).
合并
Because 合并 is “paroxysmal” (occasional and sudden), an office ECG may look normal. To "catch" an episode, a doctor may suggest a portable heart monitor (动态心电监测 or event monitor) to wear at home that will record your heart rhythm over time.
治疗
大多数SVT/合并患者不需要治疗. 然而, 一个插曲可以用这些技巧之一来制止, 在卫生保健专业人员的监督下. These affect the vagus nerve, which helps control the heartbeat.
- Carotid sinus massage: A health care professional applies gentle pressure on the neck where the carotid artery splits into two branches.
- Vagal maneuvers: Simple moves such as coughing or holding your nostrils closed while attempting to blow air through your nose.
- Dive reflex: This is the response by the body to plunging your face in ice-cold water. This is called a ‘Vagal maneuver’ It should only be done with a health care professional’s instruction.
其他必要的治疗方法:
- 药物如果你有频繁的SVT发作, your health care professional may prescribe medication to control your heart rate or restore a typical heart rhythm.
- 复律法这个手术对心脏进行电击, 通过贴片或贴片来恢复正常的心律.
- 导管消融: 医生插入薄, 通过静脉或动脉的柔性导管, 通常在腹股沟. Sensors on the tip of the catheter use heat or cold energy to create tiny scars in the heart to block irregular electrical signals and restore a typical heartbeat.
窦性心动过速
窦性心动过速是指心率加快. 在这种情况下, 心脏的天然起搏器, 窦结, 发出的电信号比平时快.
The heart rate is faster than normal, but the heart beats properly. It’s a common response to exercise, but it’s concerning when it occurs at rest.
窦性心动过速的原因
A rapid heartbeat may be your body’s response to common conditions such as:
- 焦虑
- 恐惧
- 严重的情绪困扰
- 剧烈运动
- 发热
- 一些药物和非法药物
- 疼痛
其他不太常见的原因可能包括:
治疗
Your doctor should consider and treat the cause of your sinus tachycardia, 而不仅仅是治疗疾病. Simply slowing the heart rate could cause more harm if your rapid heartbeat is a symptom of a more serious or long-term problem.
室性心动过速
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a fast heart rate that starts in the heart’s lower chambers (ventricles). Electrical signals in the heart’s lower chambers fire abnormally fast. This interferes with electrical impulses coming from 窦结, 心脏的天然起搏器.
这种破坏会导致心率高于正常水平. This rapid heartbeat keeps the heart’s chambers from filling completely between contractions, 这会影响血液流向身体其他部位.
VT may be either well-tolerated or life-threatening, requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment. The severity of VT depends largely on whether you have other heart conditions and the type of VT you have.
室性心动过速的原因
Ventricular tachycardia is most often associated with disorders that interfere with the heart’s electrical conduction system. 这些障碍包括:
- Lack of coronary artery blood flow, depriving oxygen to heart tissue
- 心肌病 扭曲心脏结构
- 药物副作用
- 吸食非法毒品，如可卡因或冰毒
- Sarcoidosis (an inflammatory disease affecting skin or body tissues)
- Abnormalities of the heart that result in scarring of heart tissue (sometimes called "structural heart disease"); the most common cause is a prior 心脏病
- 先天性心脏病，包括长QT综合征
- Imbalance of electrolytes necessary for conducting electrical impulses
症状
VT的症状各不相同. 常见症状包括:
治疗
治疗 will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your VT. 可能的治疗方法包括:
